Adhesive Traps

Blue adhesive traps

In the industrial production of ornamental crops in glass-covered ground (the rose, the gerbera, the chrysanthemum) different species of thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips tabaci, Echinothrips americanus) inflict essential injuries on plants and merchantable products. To provide the high effectiveness of defensive actions it is necessary the proper revealing of pests on plants, the detection of the possible focuses of infestation and the observation of the seasonal number dynamics of pest population. It is difficult to reveal and define visually pest species composition because of some peculiarities of pest ontogenesis (the most of development stages proceeds in flower buds or in the ground).

It is necessary to conduct defensive actions under the first revealing of pests therefore the early diagnostics of plant colonization acquires an especial importance. The solution of this task is possible by means of the application of blue adhesive traps.

Yellow adhesive traps

In the conditions of glass-covered ground the dangerous pest of vegetable and ornamental crops is the whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). This pest is characterized with the intensive cycle of ontogenesis and leads the hidden mode of life that complicates the opportune revealing of the pest. If pest revealing is not opportune it is observed the active development of different stages (the cycle of development closes on itself and all the stages of ontogenesis are present). Therefore the subsequent conducting of defensive actions not always provides positive result because the most of means influences on certain stages only (for example puparia or adult individuals). Taking into account the biological peculiarities of the pest, the revealing of its early stages has a decisive importance in the effective suppression of the pest species. The convenient implement for the diagnostics of pest colonization is yellow adhesive traps (diagnostic). Under the high number of pest population the effective addition in the system of defensive actions is roll traps for the mass capture of pests, which enable to decrease partly the progression of pest population.

The yellow adhesive traps are also effective for the diagnostics of plant colonization (the presence of pests) by such pests as leaf miners, the various species of aphids, the most of species from the family Sciaridae and partly different species of the thrips.

Description of products
and descriptions for use

Adhesive traps subdivide into several modifications dependently on the target of using. Conditionally there are two main kinds of adhesive traps. The first kind is the traps for diagnostics and the number dynamics count of pest populations (called as diagnostic traps). The second is the traps for the mass capture of pests (called as roll traps). The diagnostic traps can be the following type-sizes: 108×25 cm, 7×32 cm and 20×40 cm. The roll traps are represented by two type-sizes: 0.15×100 m and 0.3×100m.

The diagnostic trap is a plate made of stiff water-repellent plastic both the sides of which are covered with adhesive substance. There are holes for attachment on the upper part of a trap. Above adhesive substance there are paper bands which are stuck for the protection of adhesive cover. The bands are removed before the disposition of the traps onto permanent place. The diagnostic trap is hanged by means of a string in such a manner that the trap can be allocated by 30 cm as upper than plants. The approximate term of effective application is 2–4 weeks in dependence on the contamination of traps by pests. The application of contaminated traps is not expedient because the counts of captured pests become difficult, and the objectivity of counting decreases. The traps contaminated very much are replaced. The application of diagnostic traps under the high density of pest population is not expedient. The rate of the disposition of the adhesive traps for pest monitoring is 50 traps/ha (1 trap per 200 m²). The disposition of diagnostic traps is effective in the places of possible pest localization, such as heating loops, the entrances in a greenhouse, near paths. It is connected with the favourable conditions for development, the presence of extraneous plants, outside migrations, transport movement and etc., which can be observed there.

In accordance with the result of conducted survey and the counting of the pest number on diagnostic traps an aggregate table (form) is filled in. In this table is written down the section of area where the trap is disposed, pest species composition and the number of reliably defined insects. Keeping of count in such a manner allows current situation to be estimated objectively and the dynamics of pest species populations to be watched for the certain periods of time. It gives possibility to make prognosis about approximate pest behaviour in future. The elaboration of defensive actions according to results of the pest count on traps is based on the comparison of revealed pest number and the maximal admissible threshold of species economical injuriousness.

The effective addition in the system of defensive actions against different pests (the list of pest organisms was given before and depends on colour characteristics) is roll adhesive traps (blue, yellow). The main target function of these products is the mass mechanical capture of pests. This product is effective under the low and the high number of pests owing to the considerable area of sticky surface. The mass capture of males is able to restrain the increase of population when initial number is low. In this case it is possible to capture the most part of population.

The roll trap is made of tough polyethylene, both the sides of which are covered with sticky matter. The effective life of roll traps depends on the level of contamination, and it amounts approximately to 2–3 months. If the level of contamination is high the traps are replaced. Used traps must be utilized. Positive result is also achieved by means of the additional treatment of traps with attractants (the coefficient of capture is considerably increased). The roll trap is attached to the elements of greenhouse constructions (props, columns) parallel to the rows of a defended crop. The trap should be a little elevated above plants or allocated in the middle storey of vegetative mass. It is necessary to avoid the contacts of plant vegetative mass with the adhesive surface of traps.